Which of the following Availability Management activities are considered to be proactive as opposed to reactive? (1) Risk assessment (2) Testing of resilience mechanisms (3) Monitoring of component av

Monitoring of component availability (3) is a reactive activity because it responds to current or past conditions rather than preventing future failures.

Risk assessment (1) is proactive because it identifies and evaluates potential threats to availability before incidents occur. Testing of resilience mechanisms (2) is proactive because it validates that failover and recovery systems work correctly under controlled conditions, before a real failure demands them. Monitoring (3) is reactive because it detects and responds to availability issues as they happen in real time.

Monitoring (3) is reactive, not proactive, as it observes live system state and triggers responses only after a condition has already occurred.

Risk assessment (1) is proactive, not reactive, since it evaluates potential future threats and drives preventive action before any incident takes place.