Which of the following activities is NOT a part of the Derning Cycle?

'Act' is the fourth phase of the Deming Cycle, where improvements are standardized or the cycle is restarted based on findings from the Check phase.

'Plan' is the first phase of the Deming Cycle, where objectives and processes are established prior to implementation.

'Do' is the second phase of the Deming Cycle, where the planned changes are carried out, typically on a small scale for testing.

The Deming Cycle (PDCA) was developed as a continuous improvement framework with four defined phases: Plan, Do, Check (sometimes called Study), and Act. 'Co-ordinate' does not exist as a phase in any standard version of the Deming or Shewhart cycle. This cycle is referenced in quality management standards and frameworks such as ITIL's Continual Service Improvement model.