Which one of the following activities is NOT part of the Deming Cycle?

Act is the fourth phase of the Deming Cycle, where results are reviewed and successful changes are standardized or the cycle is restarted.

Plan is the first phase of the Deming Cycle, where goals, processes, and hypotheses for improvement are established.

Do is the second phase of the Deming Cycle, where the planned change is implemented, typically on a small or pilot scale.

The Deming Cycle, also called PDCA, is a four-step continuous improvement model composed of Plan, Do, Check, and Act. 'Co-ordinate' is not a recognized step in this framework and was never part of Deming's original model. Its inclusion as a distractor tests whether candidates know the precise composition of the cycle.