Which three options are additional costs arising from a subscription model and should be factored into the total cost of ownership of IT as a Service?

In a subscription model, especially for cloud services, auditing and control become crucial for compliance, security, and usage monitoring, often requiring dedicated resources or tools, adding to the TCO.

The cost of hardware and software is generally shifted from capital expenditure to operational expenditure within a subscription model, often bundled into the subscription fee itself, rather than being an additional cost on top of the subscription.

Even with subscriptions, effective software asset management, including license tracking and optimization across various services and users, remains a critical and potentially costly activity to avoid over-provisioning or compliance issues.

The dynamic nature of subscription services necessitates robust accounting and tracking mechanisms to accurately allocate costs, monitor consumption, and ensure budget adherence, which incurs administrative overhead.

Quality assurance management is a standard part of IT service delivery regardless of the consumption model; it's not a cost arising specifically from a subscription model, though its focus might shift.

Chargeback and showback are methods for allocating and communicating IT costs within an organization; while important in managing subscription costs, they are mechanisms for cost allocation rather than inherent additional costs of the subscription itself.