An organization uses a just-in-time (JIT) measurement system. What units should they use to estimate future work?

Hours represent time-based estimation, which is more aligned with predictive planning and does not reflect the flow-based, pull-oriented nature of JIT systems.

Story points measure relative complexity and are used in sprint-based agile estimation, not specifically tied to JIT or Kanban flow measurement.

JIT systems focus on pulling work only when capacity is available, and in agile/Kanban contexts this is represented by cards - each card is a discrete work item that flows through the system one at a time. Cards as a unit of measurement align with JIT principles by limiting work-in-progress and making throughput visible rather than estimating effort in hours or abstract points.

Packages are not a standard unit of measurement in JIT or agile project management frameworks.