Which environmental trigger is NOT associated with exercise-induced asthma?

Dry air is a well-established trigger for exercise-induced asthma because it increases evaporative water loss from the airway mucosa, raising osmolarity and stimulating bronchoconstriction.

Warm, humid air does not trigger exercise-induced bronchoconstriction because it does not cause significant airway heat or water loss, which are the primary mechanisms driving bronchospasm. Cold, dry air increases the osmolarity of airway surface liquid and cools the airways, triggering mast cell degranulation and bronchoconstriction. Warm air actually mimics the body's natural conditioning of inhaled air and is generally protective rather than provocative.

Dusty air contains particulate matter and allergens that irritate the airway epithelium and can trigger bronchoconstriction in susceptible individuals.

Pollutants such as ozone and sulfur dioxide are recognized triggers of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction due to their direct irritant and pro-inflammatory effects on airway tissue.