A penetration tester has been asked to conduct OS fingering with Nmap using a company- provided text file that contains a list of IP addresses. Which of the following are needed to conduct this…

The -O flag activates Nmap's OS detection engine, which sends specialized probes to targets and compares TCP/IP stack responses against an internal fingerprint database to identify the operating system.

The -iL flag instructs Nmap to read target hosts from a specified input file, enabling bulk scanning of all IP addresses in the company-provided text file without entering each one manually.

-sV performs service and version detection on open ports, which identifies application software rather than the underlying operating system and is not required for OS fingerprinting.

-sS performs a TCP SYN stealth scan for port discovery purposes only and does not contribute to identifying the operating system of the target.

-oN is an output flag that saves scan results to a normal text file and has no effect on how the scan is conducted or which targets are scanned.

-oX is an output flag that saves scan results in XML format and similarly has no bearing on the scanning methodology or input source.