A penetration tester is reviewing the following output from a wireless sniffer: Which of the following can be extrapolated from the above information?

Every MAC address contains a three-octet OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) prefix registered with the IEEE that maps directly to the hardware manufacturer. A wireless sniffer captures MAC addresses from beacon frames, probe requests, and data frames, allowing an analyst to look up the OUI prefix to identify the vendor. This is a standard technique for identifying device types on a wireless network from passive capture data.

Channel interference analysis requires spectrum analysis tools and signal-to-noise data, not information extractable from standard wireless frame captures.

Usernames exist at the application layer and are not present in wireless layer-2 frames unless the sniffer captures and decrypts higher-layer authenticated traffic.

Encryption key strength is determined by the cipher suite negotiated during the authentication handshake and is not directly readable as a discrete value from standard sniffer output.