What is the expected output of the following code? ``python def func1(param): return param def func2(param): return param * 2 def func3(param): return param + 3 print(func1(func2(func3(1)))) ``

Question

def func1(param):
 return param

def func2(param):
 return param * 2

def func3(param):
 return param + 3

print(func1(func2(func3(1))))

Options

• A3
• B6
• C8
• D1

• A
  12% (2)
• C
  82% (14)
• D
  6% (1)

Explanation

Evaluating nested function calls works inside-out: func3(1) runs first, returning 1 + 3 = 4; then func2(4) returns 4 * 2 = 8; finally func1(8) simply returns 8 unchanged - so print() outputs 8.

Why the distractors fail:

• A (3) ignores the multiplication - it's only func3(1) with no further processing.
• B (6) incorrectly doubles the original input (1 * 2 * 3 = 6), as if the functions ran independently or in a different order.
• D (1) is the raw input, as if none of the transformations were applied.

Memory tip: When you see nested calls, mentally replace each function from the innermost parenthesis outward - think of it as peeling an onion, one layer at a time: +3 first, then ×2, then "pass through."

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