Case Study 2 - Contoso, Ltd Overview Contoso, Ltd. is a consulting company that has a main office in Montreal and two branch offices in Seattle and New York. The company hosts its entire server…

This hotspot question tests knowledge of Azure role assignments, locks, policies, and PIM configurations within Contoso's dual-subscription Azure environment. Candidates must evaluate specific statements about resource management capabilities and determine whether each is…

Submitted by haruto_sh· Mar 6, 2026Secure identity and access

Question

Case Study 2 - Contoso, Ltd Overview Contoso, Ltd. is a consulting company that has a main office in Montreal and two branch offices in Seattle and New York. The company hosts its entire server infrastructure in Azure. Contoso has two Azure subscriptions named Sub1 and Sub2. Both subscriptions are associated to an Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) tenant named contoso.com. Technical requirements Contoso identifies the following technical requirements: Deploy Azure Firewall to VNetWork1 in Sub2. Register an application named App2 in contoso.com. Whenever possible, use the principle of least privilege. Enable Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM) for contoso.com Existing Environment Azure AD Contoso.com contains the users shown in the following table. Contoso.com contains the security groups shown in the following table. Sub1 Sub1 contains six resource groups named RG1, RG2, RG3, RG4, RG5, and RG6. User2 creates the virtual networks shown in the following table. Sub1 contains the locks shown in the following table. Sub1 contains the Azure policies shown in the following table. Sub2 Sub2 contains the virtual machines shown in the following table. All virtual machines have the public IP addresses and the Web Server (IIS) role installed. The firewalls for each virtual machine allow ping requests and web requests. Sub2 contains the network security groups (NSGs) shown in the following table. NSG1 has the inbound security rules shown in the following table. NSG2 has the inbound security rules shown in the following table. NSG3 has the inbound security rules shown in the following table. NSG4 has the inbound security rules shown in the following table. NSG1, NSG2, NSG3, and NSG4 have the outbound security rules shown in the following table. Contoso identifies the following technical requirements: Deploy Azure Firewall to VNetwork1 in Sub2. Register an application named App2 in contoso.com. Whenever possible, use the principle of least privilege. Enable Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM) for contoso.com. Hotspot Question Which virtual networks in Sub1 can User9 modify and delete in their current state? To answer, select the appropriate options in the answer area. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point. Answer:

Exhibit

Answer Area

Virtual networks that User9 can modify:
VNET4 onlyVNET4 and VNET1 onlyVNET4, VNET3, and VNET1 onlyVNET4, VNET3, VNET2, and VNET1
Virtual networks that User9 can delete:
VNET4 onlyVNET4 and VNET1 onlyVNET4, VNET3, and VNET1 onlyVNET4, VNET3, VNET2, and VNET1

Explanation

Approach. To answer correctly, candidates must cross-reference the existing environment details - including user roles, resource group locks (ReadOnly vs. Delete), Azure Policy assignments (allowed/denied actions), and PIM eligibility - against each statement being evaluated. For example, a ReadOnly lock prevents creation or deletion of resources even for Owners, while a Delete lock only prevents deletion. Azure Policy denying a resource type overrides any RBAC permissions, making it impossible to deploy that resource regardless of role. PIM requires eligible assignments to be activated before they grant access, so users with eligible (not active) roles cannot perform privileged actions until activation.

Concept tested. Azure governance controls including RBAC role assignments, resource locks (ReadOnly vs. Delete), Azure Policy deny effects, and Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM) eligible vs. active role assignments - and how these interact to permit or block specific management actions.

Reference. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/overview | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/lock-resources | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/governance/policy/overview | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/privileged-identity-management/pim-configure

Topics

#RBAC#virtual network permissions#least privilege

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