What are the three foundational elements required for the new operational paradigm? (Choose three.)

While application QoS is an important network capability, it is a feature or service *within* the network rather than a foundational *element* for the entire operational paradigm itself.

Policy-based automated provisioning enables consistent, rapid deployment of network services and configurations across the infrastructure, shifting from manual management to intent-based automation.

The presence of 'multiple technologies at multiple OSI layers' describes any complex network and is not a unique foundational element of a new operational paradigm, which aims to abstract this complexity.

Assurance provides continuous visibility, monitoring, and analytics into network performance and user experience, enabling proactive identification and remediation of issues to maintain operational health.

Centralization, while a common architectural pattern for management (e.g., DNA Center), is more of a means to achieve automation and assurance across a fabric rather than a foundational element of the operational paradigm itself.

A fabric-based architecture, such as Cisco SD-Access or ACI, provides a unified, programmable, and often overlaid infrastructure that decouples services from the physical topology, enabling greater agility and scalability.