What layer of the OSI Model is included in TCP/IP Model's INTERNET layer?

The Application layer of OSI corresponds to the TCP/IP Application layer, handling application-specific data.

The Session layer of OSI manages sessions and dialog control and is often grouped into the TCP/IP Application layer or considered part of transport.

The Data Link layer of OSI handles physical addressing (MAC addresses) and frame transmission, corresponding to the TCP/IP Network Access layer.

The Presentation layer of OSI handles data formatting and encryption, typically grouped into the TCP/IP Application layer.

The TCP/IP Internet layer is responsible for logical addressing (IP addresses), routing, and packet forwarding across different networks. These are precisely the functions of the Network layer (Layer 3) in the OSI model, making them directly equivalent in scope and purpose.