The system administrator has deployed updated security controls for the network to limit risk of attack. The security manager is concerned that controls continue to function as intended to maintain…

User permissions manage access rights for individuals but do not verify that the broader set of deployed security controls continues to function correctly.

Policy enforcement ensures rules are applied but does not assess whether the underlying technical controls that enforce those policies remain effective.

Routine audits systematically evaluate whether security controls are operating as designed, identify gaps or degradation in control effectiveness, and confirm that the security posture matches organizational policy. This ongoing verification process is the primary strategy for ensuring that previously deployed controls continue to function as intended.

Change management controls how modifications to systems are introduced but does not verify the ongoing effectiveness of existing security controls.