Which of the following is MOST characteristic of specification based (black-box) techniques?

Question

Options

• ATest cases can be easily automated.
• BTest cases are independent of each other.
• CTest cases are derived systematically from models of the system .
• DTest cases are derived systematically from the delivered code.

• A
  8% (1)
• B
  15% (2)
• C
  77% (10)

Explanation

Specification-based (black-box) testing derives test cases from models or specifications of the system - requirements documents, use cases, decision tables, equivalence partitions - without looking at the internal code, making C correct. Option D is the opposite: deriving tests from source code is the definition of white-box (structural) testing. Options A and B describe incidental properties that may or may not be true of black-box tests, but neither is characteristic of the technique itself - black-box tests can be manual or hard to automate, and they can absolutely overlap or depend on shared test data.

Memory tip: Think "black box = you can't see inside" - you only have the spec (the external description) to work from, so all test cases must come from that model of expected behavior.

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