A defect is best defined as:

Question

Options

• AAny deviation from a standard
• BOutput that fails to meet requirements
• CA serious customer complaint
• DA waste identified in process flow

• A
  3% (2)
• B
  87% (54)
• C
  2% (1)
• D
  8% (5)

Explanation

Option B is correct because a defect is fundamentally defined as output (a product, service, or result) that fails to satisfy specified requirements - this is the standard definition used in quality management frameworks like Six Sigma and ISO standards.

• A is wrong because deviating from a standard isn't always a defect; standards can be outdated, context-specific, or the deviation may be intentional and approved. "Deviation" is too broad.
• C is wrong because customer complaints are a signal that a defect may exist, not the defect itself - a product can be defective without generating a complaint, and complaints can be lodged even when requirements were met.
• D is wrong because waste in process flow is a separate lean concept (muda); waste can occur without producing a defective output, and defects are just one type of waste, not synonymous with it.

Memory tip: Think D for Defect = Doesn't meet requirements. A defect is always measured against requirements - if it passes, it's not a defect, regardless of complaints or process issues.

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