Which of the following programming languages are NOT vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose two.

Perl uses an interpreted, managed runtime that automatically handles memory allocation and enforces array bounds, eliminating the direct pointer manipulation that causes buffer overflow vulnerabilities.

C++ supports raw pointer manipulation and manual memory allocation without automatic bounds checking, leaving it fully susceptible to buffer overflow vulnerabilities.

Java executes on the JVM, which enforces strict array bounds checking at runtime and prohibits direct pointer arithmetic, making classic stack and heap buffer overflow attacks impossible in pure Java code.

C relies entirely on manual memory management with pointer arithmetic and no built-in array bounds enforcement, making it historically the most vulnerable language to buffer overflow exploits.