Which of the following articles defines illegal access to the computer or network in Chapter 2 of Section 1, i.e., Substantive criminal law of the Convention on Cybercrime passed by the Council of…

Article 2 in Chapter 2, Section 1 of the Budapest Convention is specifically titled 'Illegal access' and requires parties to criminalize intentional access to a computer system without right, either by infringing security measures or otherwise, directly matching the question's description.

Article 5 of the Convention addresses 'System interference' - intentional acts that seriously hinder the functioning of a computer system - not illegal access.

Article 16 falls under procedural law provisions and covers 'Expedited preservation of stored computer data,' not the definition of illegal access.

Article 3 defines 'Illegal interception,' which covers the unauthorized interception of non-public transmissions of computer data, not unauthorized access to a system.