Which of the following statutes is enacted in the U.S., which prohibits creditors from collecting data from applicants, such as national origin, caste, religion etc?

The Electronic Communications Privacy Act governs the interception and disclosure of electronic communications, not creditor discrimination in credit applications.

The Privacy Act of 1974 regulates how U.S. federal agencies collect, maintain, and use personal information; it does not apply to private creditors.

The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) regulates the accuracy, fairness, and privacy of information in consumer credit reports; it does not prohibit creditors from discriminating based on protected characteristics.

The ECOA, enforced by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, explicitly bars creditors from requesting or using information about an applicant's race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, or age during credit evaluation, directly matching the scenario described in the question.