Based on a query dependency diagram, which action will reduce data refresh times for this model?

Duplicating the Orders query instead of referencing it would likely increase refresh times, as the query logic would be executed multiple times, once for each duplicate, rather than once for a single referenced query.

Replacing a query with a dataflow allows for data transformation and storage outside of the Power BI dataset refresh process. Dataflows can be refreshed independently, and the transformed data stored in Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 can be consumed by the Power BI model, significantly reducing the refresh burden on the report itself and improving refresh times.

While Table.Buffer can sometimes improve performance by caching intermediate table results, its impact is often localized and may not provide a significant model-wide refresh time reduction compared to the architectural benefit of dataflows, and it can increase memory consumption.