Which of the following is PRIMARILY a risk management responsibly of the first line of defense?

The first line of defense, comprising operational management and staff, is directly responsible for managing risks inherent in their day-to-day activities and processes. This includes implementing the controls and actions defined in risk treatment plans to keep risks within acceptable limits, ensuring operational adherence to risk policies.

Validating the status of risk mitigation efforts is typically a responsibility of the second line of defense (e.g., risk management function) or even the third line (audit).

Establishing risk policies and standards is a strategic responsibility typically belonging to the second line of defense (e.g., dedicated risk function) or senior management.

Conducting independent reviews of risk assessment results is a function of the third line of defense (internal audit) to provide assurance on the effectiveness of the first and second lines.