An organization is developing a risk universe to create a holistic view of its overall risk profile. Which of the following is the GREATEST barrier to achieving the initiative's objectives?

Lack of cross-functional workshops is a procedural barrier, but a common understanding of risk culture would naturally foster such collaboration or make their outcomes more consistent.

A strong and consistent risk culture ensures that all employees understand and align with the organization's approach to risk, promoting consistent risk identification, reporting, and management across all functions, which is essential for building a truly holistic and accurate risk universe. Without this, different departments may interpret and prioritize risks inconsistently.

While quantitative methods are desirable for aggregation, a risk universe can still be built with qualitative methods; the primary barrier is not the aggregation method itself, but the foundational understanding of what constitutes risk.

An integrated risk management system facilitates aggregation but is a tool; without a common understanding of risk culture, even an advanced system would aggregate inconsistent or misaligned data.