Which of the following is a process that occurs due to mergers, outsourcing or changing business needs?

Voluntary exit occurs when an employee chooses to leave their job, which is not directly caused by the business events listed in the question.

Plant closing is a specific event that can lead to involuntary exits, but involuntary exit is the broader HR process that directly occurs from such a closing.

Involuntary exit directly refers to employees being terminated from their positions, often due to organizational restructuring, workforce reductions, or strategic shifts caused by mergers, outsourcing, or changing business demands, where the employee's departure is not by choice.

Outplacement is a support service provided to employees who have been involuntarily exited to help them find new employment, not the exit process itself.