Which of the following is the comparison of planned project results with actual project results?

Variance analysis measures the difference between planned and actual project performance across scope, schedule, and cost dimensions. In Earned Value Management it produces metrics such as Schedule Variance (SV = EV - PV) and Cost Variance (CV = EV - AC), giving project managers the data needed to determine corrective actions when performance deviates from the plan.

Cost-benefit analysis weighs the total expected costs of a decision against its projected benefits to justify investment, and does not compare planned project results to actual results.

Statistical sampling selects a representative subset of a population for inspection as a quality technique, and is not used to compare planned versus actual performance.

Trend analysis examines historical performance data to forecast future project outcomes, making it forward-looking rather than a direct comparison of planned versus actual results.