Which of the following refers to the ability to ensure that the data is not modified or tampered with?

Confidentiality ensures that data is accessible only to authorized parties, not that it is free from modification.

Availability ensures that systems and data are accessible when needed by authorized users, which is unrelated to preventing tampering.

Integrity ensures that data remains accurate and unaltered from its original state, protecting it from unauthorized modification, deletion, or corruption. It is enforced through mechanisms such as hashing, digital signatures, and checksums that detect any tampering with data in transit or at rest.

Non-repudiation ensures a party cannot deny having performed an action, but it does not directly protect data from modification.