The major business applications of an enterprise are largely monolithic and hard-coded. As part of a major modernization and overhaul of the applications, the goal is to move to a modular and…

PaaS is a service delivery model, not a deployment architecture, and it does not by itself determine where infrastructure resides or whether air-gap security levels can be achieved.

IaaS describes the type of resources provided (compute, storage, network) but not the ownership or isolation model - a public IaaS deployment cannot meet an air-gap security requirement.

A private cloud is hosted within the organization's own infrastructure or a dedicated facility, giving the CyberOps team full control over network segmentation, access, and physical boundaries equivalent to an air-gapped environment. It natively supports containerized and modular application architectures through platforms like Kubernetes and provides on-demand provisioning without coupling to specific hardware. No traffic traverses a shared public network, so the air-gap security mandate can be met.

Public cloud infrastructure is shared with other tenants and traverses public internet paths, making it inherently incompatible with the air-gapped security mandate.

Hybrid cloud by definition combines public and private resources, and the presence of public cloud components undermines the air-gap security requirement imposed by the CyberOps team.