What is one thing a tester can do to ensure that the software is trusted and is not changing or tampering with critical data on the back end of a system it is loaded on?

General proper testing validates functionality and performance but does not specifically focus on detecting unauthorized backend data tampering at the system call level.

Secure coding principles guide developers during the writing of code but do not constitute a testing activity that verifies runtime behavior against backend data.

A systems security and architecture review evaluates design and configuration but does not dynamically observe software behavior and data interactions at the interrupt level.

Interrupt analysis involves monitoring the low-level signals and calls a piece of software generates when interacting with the underlying system, including disk, memory, and I/O operations. By examining these interrupts, a tester can identify whether software is accessing or modifying critical backend data in ways that were not intended or authorized. This technique provides visibility into covert or unexpected data manipulation that higher-level testing methods may not surface.