Which three layers of the OSI model are included in the application layer of the TCP/IP model? (Choose three.)

OSI layer 2 (Data Link) maps to the Network Access layer of the TCP/IP model, not the Application layer.

OSI layer 6 is the Presentation layer, which handles data translation, encryption, and compression between application formats and network formats. In the four-layer TCP/IP model, this functionality is absorbed into the Application layer alongside layers 5 and 7.

OSI layer 3 (Network) maps to the Internet layer of the TCP/IP model, which handles logical addressing and routing.

OSI layer 7 is the Application layer, which provides network services directly to user applications such as HTTP, FTP, DNS, and SMTP. The TCP/IP Application layer directly maps to this OSI layer while also incorporating Session and Presentation layer functions.

OSI layer 4 (Transport) maps directly to the dedicated Transport layer of the TCP/IP model, responsible for end-to-end communication and segmentation.

OSI layer 5 is the Session layer, responsible for establishing, managing, and terminating sessions between communicating applications. The TCP/IP model consolidates this session management functionality into its Application layer rather than treating it as a distinct layer.