An intake of additional protein calories above an average individual's daily requirement will result in which of the following?

When protein intake exceeds what is needed for tissue repair, enzyme synthesis, and other nitrogen-requiring functions, the excess amino acids undergo deamination. The resulting carbon skeletons are converted through metabolic pathways into fatty acids and stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue, meaning excess protein calories contribute to fat gain just as excess carbohydrate or fat calories do.

Muscle hypertrophy requires an anabolic stimulus from resistance training combined with adequate protein - excess protein alone without a mechanical stimulus does not cause hypertrophy.

Protein does not directly cause increased water retention in the way that sodium or carbohydrate loading does; this is not the primary metabolic outcome of excess protein intake.

Protein is not converted to carbohydrates and stored as glycogen - gluconeogenesis can produce glucose from amino acids, but the excess caloric energy is directed toward fat storage, not glycogen synthesis.