A penetration tester captured the following traffic during a web-application test: Which of the following methods should the tester use to visualize the authorization information being transmitted?

UTF-8 is a character encoding standard; it is used to represent characters, not to decode an already encoded authorization string that uses schemes like Base64.

bcrypt is a password hashing algorithm used to securely store passwords, not for decrypting or decoding authorization headers transmitted over a network.

In common web application authentication schemes, such as Basic Authentication, the credentials (username:password) are transmitted within the Authorization header after being Base64 encoded. Decoding this Base64 string is the standard method to reveal the underlying plaintext authorization information.

AES is a symmetric encryption algorithm; while theoretically possible to encrypt parts of a web request, it's not a standard mechanism for the primary Authorization header, and decryption would require a known key which an attacker would typically not possess.