A penetration tester conducted a vulnerability scan against a client's critical servers and found the following: Which of the following would be a recommendation for remediation?

User training programs address human factors and awareness, which is important, but does not directly remediate technical vulnerabilities identified by a server-side scan.

Vulnerability scans are designed to identify known security weaknesses, many of which stem from outdated software, missing security updates, or misconfigurations that could be resolved by applying patches. Implementing a comprehensive patch management plan ensures that systems are regularly updated, reducing the attack surface by fixing known vulnerabilities discovered by the scan.

A Secure Software Development Life Cycle (SSDLC) is for developing new secure applications, not for remediating vulnerabilities in existing deployed server software.

Configuring access controls helps restrict unauthorized access, which is crucial, but it might not directly address all types of vulnerabilities (e.g., buffer overflows, logic flaws) that a general vulnerability scan might detect.