A FortiGate device is configured with two VDOMs. The management VDOM is 'root' , and is configured in transparent mode,'vdom1' is configured as NAT/route mode. Which traffic is generated only by…

SNMP traps are management plane functions, which are typically initiated and handled by the root VDOM, particularly when it serves as the central management point for the FortiGate device.

FortiGuard updates and queries are system-wide management plane services, usually sourced from the root VDOM for all FortiGate services, rather than independently by transparent VDOMs.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is a Layer 2 protocol that both transparent and NAT/route mode VDOMs will generate on their respective interfaces to resolve MAC addresses for directly connected devices.

NTP synchronization is a device-wide timekeeping function centrally managed by the root VDOM to maintain accurate system time, rather than being an independent client function of a transparent VDOM.

ICMP redirect messages are generated by Layer 3 routers; a transparent mode VDOM, functioning as a Layer 2 bridge, does not generate ICMP redirects, while a NAT/route VDOM could.