Which of the following protocols exchange the latest information that has changed in the routing table?

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is a simple UDP-based file transfer protocol used to transfer configuration files and firmware; it has no routing table exchange function.

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is a path-vector protocol that exchanges reachability information between autonomous systems on the internet; it is focused on inter-domain policy-based routing, not incremental intra-domain topology updates.

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state protocol that uses Link State Advertisements (LSAs) to communicate only changes in network topology to neighboring routers. When a change is detected - such as a link going down - OSPF floods the updated LSA to all routers in the area, ensuring each router has the latest changed information without retransmitting unchanged routes.

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) manages multicast group memberships between hosts and routers; it does not participate in routing table construction or exchange.