The inclusion of network-model HMOs in the Health Maintenance Act of 1973 ensured.

Question

Options

• Athe HMO movement would not create rapid change to the mode of health care delivery
• Buniversal coverage
• Cno economic risk among both physicians and HMOs
• DAll of the above.

• A
  96% (45)
• B
  2% (1)
• D
  2% (1)

Explanation

Option A is correct because network-model HMOs allowed physicians to continue practicing in their traditional fee-for-service settings while also participating in HMOs - meaning existing care delivery patterns could largely persist alongside the new model. By including this more flexible, less disruptive HMO structure in the 1973 act, Congress essentially built in a brake on rapid transformation of how care was delivered.

Why the distractors are wrong:

• B (universal coverage) is wrong because the act only required employers with 25+ employees to offer an HMO option - enrollment was not mandatory and millions remained uninsured.
• C (no economic risk) is wrong because HMOs still assumed financial risk through capitated payment structures, and physicians in risk-sharing arrangements bore economic exposure as well.
• D (All of the above) fails because B and C are both factually incorrect.

Memory tip: Think of "network" as a loose net - network-model HMOs cast a wide, flexible net that let physicians stay mostly in their existing practices, so the HMO wave rolled in slowly rather than sweeping everything away overnight.

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