Which of the following options are available for the network type supported by the OSPF protocol? (Multiple choice)

Question

Options

• APoint-to-Multipoint
• BPoint-to-point
• CBroadcast
• DNon-Broadcast Multi-Access

• A
  100% (33)

Explanation

All four options are correct because OSPF was designed to operate across fundamentally different Layer 2 topologies, and each network type changes how OSPF discovers neighbors and elects Designated Routers (DR/BDR).

Point-to-Point (B) connects exactly two routers (e.g., serial links); no DR/BDR election occurs since there are only two peers. Broadcast (C) applies to multi-access networks like Ethernet where DR/BDR election is needed to reduce flooding overhead. Non-Broadcast Multi-Access (D) covers technologies like Frame Relay that connect multiple routers but lack native broadcast - OSPF must be manually configured with neighbor statements, and a DR/BDR is still elected. Point-to-Multipoint (A) treats a single interface as a bundle of point-to-point links, avoiding DR/BDR election while still handling one-to-many topologies.

Since this is an "all of the above" scenario, there are no wrong distractors - every option names a legitimate, RFC-defined OSPF network type.

Memory tip: Use the acronym "PB&NB" - Point-to-point, Broadcast, NBMA, Point-to-Multipoint. Ask yourself: "Does this network broadcast?" If yes → Broadcast type. If no but multi-access → NBMA. If exactly two routers → Point-to-point. If one-to-many but you want no DR/BDR → Point-to-Multipoint.

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