Which of the following enables an inventor to legally enforce his right to exclude others from using his invention?

A patent is a form of intellectual property protection granted by a government authority that gives the patent holder the legal right to exclude others from exploiting the patented invention without authorization. This exclusivity enables the inventor to enforce their rights through legal action, such as filing for an injunction or damages against infringers.

An artistic license (or creative license) covers the rights to creative and artistic works, not technical inventions or processes.

Phishing is a social engineering cyberattack used to deceive individuals into revealing sensitive information, and has no relation to intellectual property rights.

Spam refers to unsolicited bulk electronic messages and is a communication nuisance, not a legal mechanism for protecting inventions.