John works as a professional Ethical Hacker. He has been assigned the project of testing the preattack phase: Information gathering Determining network range Identifying active machines Finding open p

Traceroute sends packets with incrementing TTL values to reveal each router hop along the path to a destination, directly mapping network topology. NeoTrace is a visual traceroute application that plots hops geographically, and Cheops is a network management and topology mapping tool - all three are valid tools for network mapping during the pre-attack reconnaissance phase.

Ettercap is a comprehensive suite for man-in-the-middle attacks, ARP poisoning, and packet sniffing on a LAN - it is used for active interception, not for mapping network topology or discovering routes.