Which of the following statutes is enacted in the U.S., which prohibits creditors from collecting data from applicants, such as national origin, caste, religion etc?

The Electronic Communications Privacy Act governs the lawful interception and disclosure of electronic communications, not credit application discrimination.

The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA), enforced by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, explicitly prohibits creditors from discriminating against credit applicants on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, or age. Creditors must evaluate applications solely on creditworthiness criteria, not protected demographic attributes. Violations can result in civil liability and regulatory action.

The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) regulates how consumer reporting agencies collect, use, and share credit information, but does not directly prohibit creditor discrimination based on protected characteristics.

The Privacy Act of 1974 governs how U.S. federal government agencies collect and maintain personal records on individuals, and does not apply to private creditors or credit application practices.