Which of the following techniques is used to monitor telephonic and Internet conversations by a third party?

War driving involves physically moving through an area with wireless equipment to detect and enumerate nearby Wi-Fi access points, not intercepting active communications streams.

War dialing is the automated sequential dialing of telephone number ranges to identify modems, fax machines, or remote access systems connected to the public telephone network.

Web ripping is the automated downloading or mirroring of website content to a local machine, which is unrelated to intercepting live voice or data communications.

Wiretapping refers to the practice of secretly intercepting and monitoring voice telephone calls and internet communications without the knowledge or consent of the communicating parties. It applies to both circuit-switched telephony and packet-based internet traffic, and is formally recognized as both a technical attack method and a legal concept under laws such as the Electronic Communications Privacy Act.