Which of the following tools are used for footprinting? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply.

Brutus is an online password-cracking and brute-force authentication tool targeting services like HTTP, FTP, and Telnet; it is an active attack tool used after reconnaissance, not a footprinting tool.

Sam Spade is a multi-function network investigation tool used during footprinting to perform DNS lookups, WHOIS queries, ping, traceroute, and SMTP checks, providing a broad reconnaissance profile of a target.

Whois queries domain registrar databases to retrieve registration details, contact information, and name server records, making it a fundamental footprinting tool for passive information gathering.

Traceroute maps the network path and identifies intermediate routers between the attacker and target, revealing network topology and infrastructure details used in the footprinting phase.