A technician is installing a new application on laptops that will be installed in work trucks. The laptops do not have a network connection. Which of the following application delivery models would BE

Local network-hosted applications require a connection to a local area network to access the application server.

Three-tier applications separate presentation, logic, and data into distinct layers, typically requiring network communication between these tiers.

Cloud-hosted applications rely entirely on an active internet connection to access remote servers and services, which is not available.

Locally installed applications run directly on the end-user's device, utilizing its hardware resources and operating system without requiring an active network connection for operation. Since the laptops in work trucks lack network connectivity, this is the only viable delivery model for functional applications.