Which of the following increases storage read throughput?

Scaling refers to increasing resources generally, which could include storage capacity or performance, but 'scaling' itself is not a direct mechanism for throughput increase in the same way caching is.

NIC teaming combines multiple network interface cards to provide fault tolerance and increased network bandwidth, not directly increasing storage read throughput.

Load balancing distributes network traffic or workloads across multiple servers or resources to optimize resource utilization and maximize throughput, but it is not a direct method to increase storage read throughput on a single storage system.

Caching stores copies of frequently accessed data in a faster, more accessible location, such as RAM or SSDs. When data is requested, the system first checks the cache, and if found (a cache hit), it can be delivered much faster than fetching from the primary storage, thereby significantly increasing read throughput.