Which of the following security design patterns provides an alternative by requiring that a user's authentication credentials be verified by the database before providing access to that user's data?

Secure assertion involves a trusted third party asserting a user's identity to a service, rather than the database directly verifying credentials.

An authenticated session refers to the established state after a user has successfully authenticated, allowing them to access resources for a period, but it is not a design pattern for direct database credential verification.

Password propagation is a pattern where the user's credentials, such as a password, are transmitted and verified directly by the database to authenticate the user and control access to their specific data, shifting the authentication responsibility to the data layer.

Account lockout is a security mechanism that prevents further login attempts after a specified number of failed authentications to protect against brute-force attacks.