Which of the following provides the BEST assurance of data integrity after file transfers?

Check digits are simple error-detection codes appended to numbers (like account numbers) to detect basic transcription errors, not robustly assure file integrity for entire files.

Monetary unit sampling is an auditing technique used to select a sample for testing and is unrelated to verifying data integrity during file transfers.

A reasonableness check verifies if data falls within expected or plausible ranges, but it cannot detect subtle data corruption or unauthorized modifications within a file transfer.

Hash values (or cryptographic hashes) generate a fixed-size string of characters from a variable-sized input, acting as a unique digital fingerprint. If even a single bit of the data changes during transfer, the calculated hash value will be drastically different, immediately indicating data corruption or tampering, thus providing strong integrity assurance.