A certain security principle provides assurance that data has not been modified, tampered with or corrupted through unauthorized or unintended changes. Data can be a message, a file, or data within…

Confidentiality ensures that information is not disclosed to unauthorized individuals or systems, which is distinct from preventing modification.

Availability ensures that authorized users have timely and reliable access to information and systems when needed, which is unrelated to data accuracy or alteration.

Integrity is the security principle focused on ensuring that data remains accurate, complete, and authentic, preventing unauthorized or accidental modification, tampering, or corruption. It provides assurance that the data has not been altered from its original state in an unauthorized manner.

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, process, or device, which confirms who is accessing data but does not directly prevent data modification.