Which of the following refers to the ability to ensure that the data is not modified or tampered with? Response:

Confidentiality ensures that information is accessible only to those authorized to have access, preventing unauthorized disclosure.

Availability ensures that authorized users have timely and uninterrupted access to information and resources.

Integrity refers to the assurance that information has not been modified or destroyed in an unauthorized manner. It ensures that data remains accurate, complete, and reliable throughout its lifecycle, precisely matching the description of preventing data modification or tampering.

Non-repudiation provides irrefutable proof that an action or event has occurred and prevents any party from denying it later.