Which of the following should be done FIRST before an organization migrates data from an on- premise solution to a cloud-hosted solution that spans more than one jurisdiction?

Penetration testing evaluates the security of a system that already exists; it cannot be meaningfully conducted on a solution before it is configured or populated with data.

Enabling DLP alerts is a reactive control that should be implemented after the exposure and data types requiring protection have been assessed.

Encrypting data in transit is an important technical control, but selecting the right encryption approach requires first understanding what data is being moved and which regulations apply.

Assessing organizational exposure before migration identifies applicable data sovereignty laws, regulatory compliance obligations, contractual risks, and security gaps specific to multi-jurisdiction cloud environments. This risk assessment informs every subsequent decision - what controls to implement, what DLP rules to configure, and how to encrypt data in transit. Acting on controls before understanding the risk landscape can result in incomplete or misdirected mitigation efforts.