Which of these characteristics of a virtualized network adds risks to the cloud environment?

Redundancy, while providing high availability, adds complexity to network design and management in a virtualized environment, potentially increasing the attack surface or the chances of misconfiguration that could lead to vulnerabilities if not properly implemented and secured across all duplicated components.

Scalability is a core benefit of cloud and virtualization, allowing resources to be adjusted on demand, which generally reduces operational risk related to capacity limitations.

Pay-per-use is an economic model that reduces financial risk and aligns costs with consumption, not a technical characteristic that inherently adds security risks.

Self-service capabilities, while requiring proper governance, enable efficiency and agility without inherently adding technical risks if well-controlled through policies and automation.