Which of the following is a structured review process to analyze what happened, why it happened, and how it can be done better, by the participants and those responsible for the project or event?

An After Action Report is a structured, formal document produced by participants and stakeholders following an event or incident to analyze what happened, why it happened, and how outcomes can be improved. It serves as both a review process and a recorded artifact that captures lessons learned for future reference. In IT security frameworks, this term refers to the comprehensive post-event analysis document produced after an incident or exercise.

'After action analysis' is not a recognized or standardized term in IT security or incident response frameworks.

'After action summary' is not a formal term in security methodology; a summary implies a brief overview rather than a full structured review process.

'After Action Review' is a term primarily associated with U.S. military doctrine referring to an informal verbal debrief, not the formal documented process described in the question.