The controller has a global view of the network, and it can easily ensure that the network is in a consistent and optimal configuration. Which two statements describe a centralized SDN control path? (

Centralized control increases latency for reactive PACKET_IN events because each packet must traverse the network to the remote controller and back before forwarding decisions are made, rather than being handled locally on the device.

Smart NIC integration at the local host level is characteristic of distributed or host-based SDN models, not centralized SDN architectures that manage forwarding decisions at the network device layer.

A centralized controller consolidates southbound API support, enabling communication with diverse network devices through protocols like OpenFlow, NETCONF, and RESTCONF, which simplifies integration across heterogeneous environments from a single control point.

A centralized controller is inherently a single point of failure; while clustering can partially mitigate this, it requires deliberate additional engineering and is not a built-in guarantee of the centralized model.

Scaling a centralized controller cluster is inherently difficult for stateful services such as DHCP and load balancing because these require consistent state synchronization across all controller instances, creating significant overhead as the cluster grows.