Which of the following is assured by the use of a hash?

Authentication verifies the identity of a user or system, which requires mechanisms like passwords, certificates, or digital signatures - not a hash alone.

Confidentiality ensures data is hidden from unauthorized parties, which is achieved through encryption, not hashing.

Availability ensures systems and data are accessible when needed, which is addressed by redundancy and uptime controls, not hashing.

A cryptographic hash produces a deterministic, fixed-length digest from input data. Any modification to the data - even a single bit - produces a completely different hash value. This property makes hashes the standard tool for verifying that data has not been altered in transit or storage, which is the definition of integrity.